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Showing posts from May, 2024

Pilot & ozone

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  When flying above the polar regions, pilots and aircrew are exposed to higher levels of ozone and cosmic radiation compared to flights at lower latitudes. Regulations and guidelines are in place to manage these exposures to ensure the safety and health of aviation personnel. Here’s a summary of how ozone exposure is managed for pilots Ozone Exposure in Aviation Ozone Characteristics Ozone (O₃) is a molecule composed of three oxygen atoms, found in both the stratosphere and at ground level. While stratospheric ozone protects life on Earth by blocking harmful ultraviolet radiation, ozone at cruising altitudes of aircraft can be a respiratory irritant. Ozone Levels Ozone concentrations are typically higher at higher altitudes and can vary with geographical location and season. Flights over polar regions can encounter higher ozone levels, particularly during certain times of the year when the ozone layer experiences thinning. Regulatory Limits The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) a...

Commercial aircraft and mach speed

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  Flying commercial aircraft above Mach 1, or supersonic flight, offers a variety of advantages and disadvantages. Here’s an in-depth look at both: Advantages Reduced Travel Time: The most significant advantage is the dramatic reduction in travel time. Supersonic flights can cut journey times by half or more, making long-haul travel more efficient and convenient. Competitive Edge: Airlines offering supersonic flights could gain a competitive advantage by attracting business travelers and high-paying customers who prioritize speed and efficiency. Technological Advancement: Development of supersonic commercial aircraft drives innovation in aerospace technology, potentially leading to advancements in aerodynamics, materials science, and propulsion systems. Economic Growth: Faster travel can stimulate economic activity by improving connectivity between global business hubs, encouraging trade, tourism, and investment. Prestige and Branding: Offering supersonic flights can enhance an airlin...

Aircraft fuel system

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  The history of aircraft fuel systems is an intricate evolution that mirrors the advancement of aviation technology itself. Here's an overview of its development: Early Aviation (1900s-1930s) First Aircraft: Early aircraft, like the Wright Flyer (1903), had very basic fuel systems, typically consisting of gravity-fed tanks due to their low power requirements and short flight durations. World War I: The increased complexity and performance demands led to the use of pressurized fuel systems and rudimentary fuel pumps in military aircraft. Interwar Period: The development of longer-range aircraft required more reliable and efficient fuel systems. Innovations included improved fuel pumps and the introduction of fuel gauges and selector valves. World War II (1939-1945) Enhanced Fuel Systems: The war spurred rapid advancements in fuel system technology to meet the demands of more powerful engines and longer missions. This period saw the widespread use of self-sealing fuel tanks and mo...

Aircraft factories

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  Aircraft factories The history of the aircraft industry is a fascinating tale of innovation, competition, and transformation. Here's a broad overview highlighting key developments and milestones: Early Developments (Pre-1900) Late 18th Century: The Montgolfier brothers launched the first manned hot air balloon in 1783. 19th Century: Sir George Cayley, known as the "father of aerodynamics," built the first successful glider in 1804. Otto Lilienthal's glider flights in the 1890s also contributed significantly to aviation research. The Birth of Powered Flight (1900-1914) 1903: The Wright brothers, Orville and Wilbur, achieved the first powered, controlled flight in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, with their aircraft, the Wright Flyer. 1909: Louis BlĂ©riot's historic flight across the English Channel demonstrated the potential of aircraft for practical transportation. World War I and the Interwar Period (1914-1939) World War I: The war accelerated aircraft development, l...

B787

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  The B787 :is designed with advanced stability and control systems to ensure safe and reliable flight operation these systems include 1- Fly by wire control The B787 utilize flight -by-wire technology where control inputs from the pilots are transmitted electrically to control surfaces Providing precise and responsive handling characteristics 2- Flight control law The aircraft is equipped with sophisticated flight control law that help maintain stability and control in various flight conditions these laws automatically adjust control surfaces to prevent stalls maintain desired attitude and enhance overall stability 3- Auto pilot system The autopilot system in B787 is capable of managing the aircraft flight path altitude and speed . allowing for hands-free operation within certain parameters it contributes to overall stability by maintaining prescribed flight profiles 4- Flight management system (FMS) The FMS helps the pilot plan and execute their flight efficiently including navigatio...