LOW VISIBILITY PROCEDURE

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Low Visibility Procedures (LVP) in Force: What It Means for Flight Operation

Introduction

Aviation is a precision-driven industry where weather conditions can significantly affect safety and efficiency. One of the most critical weather-related protocols is the Low Visibility Procedure (LVP). When LVP is in force, it means an airport is experiencing reduced visibility due to fog, mist, heavy rain, or low cloud cover, triggering specific operational safety measures.

In this article, we’ll explain what Low Visibility Procedures are, when they are activated, how they impact flight operations, and what passengers can expect during such conditions.

What Are Low Visibility Procedures (LVP)?

Low Visibility Procedures are a set of standardized safety protocols implemented by airports and air traffic control (ATC) when visibility drops below defined thresholds. The primary goal is to ensure safe ground movement and aircraft operations during periods of poor visibility.

LVP is not just a weather warning—it's an operational mode that affects everything from runway use to aircraft taxiing and ground crew access.

When Is LVP in Force?

LVP is declared based on runway visual range (RVR) and cloud base height. While the specific values may vary slightly by region or airport, generally:

  • Runway Visual Range < 550 meters

  • Cloud base < 200 feet above ground level

Air Traffic Control initiates LVP when these conditions are met, and it remains in force until visibility improves above the threshold for a sustained period.

Why Is LVP Important?

Reduced visibility poses significant risks in the following areas:

  • Aircraft Landing and Takeoff: Pilots rely on instrument landing systems (ILS) and visual cues. Poor visibility demands Category II/III ILS approaches.

  • Taxi Operations: Prevents runway or taxiway incursions during low-visibility ground movement.

  • Ground Crew Safety: Limits the movement of vehicles and personnel on the apron and taxiways.

  • ATC Coordination: Increases spacing between arrivals and departures, reducing potential conflicts.

Safety is the top priority, and LVP ensures that even in challenging conditions, operations remain as risk-free as possible.

Key Components of LVP

1. Instrument Landing Systems (ILS)

LVP often requires Category II or III ILS approaches, which provide high-precision guidance for aircraft during final approach and landing.

2. Runway and Taxiway Lighting

Enhanced lighting systems are used to improve pilot awareness of runway edges, intersections, and hold positions.

3. Stop Bars and Ground Radar

Illuminated stop bars prevent aircraft from inadvertently entering active runways. Surface Movement Radar (SMR) and Advanced Surface Movement Guidance and Control System (A-SMGCS) assist controllers.

4. Reduced Aircraft Movement Rates

To maintain safe separation, ATC increases the spacing between aircraft. This means fewer aircraft can land or take off in a given time frame.

How Does LVP Affect Flight Operations?

When LVP is in force:

  • Delays are common. Aircraft might be held on the ground or experience arrival delays.

  • Taxi routes are adjusted. Pilots may receive longer or more complex taxi instructions to maintain separation.

  • Fewer flights per hour. Airports may reduce capacity by 30–50% during LVP.

  • Ground handling slows down. Ramp and maintenance crews work under restricted movement guidelines.

  • Increased fuel burn. Holding patterns and extended taxi times can lead to more fuel consumption.

How Pilots and Airlines Prepare for LVP

Airlines and flight crews prepare for LVP with:

  • Regular simulator training in low-visibility conditions

  • Aircraft certifications for Category II/III approaches

  • Operational briefings before flights

  • Flight planning adjustments, including alternate airports

Impact on Passengers

As a passenger, if your flight is affected by LVP, you may experience:

  • Flight delays or diversions

  • Longer taxi times

  • Possible rebooking or overnight stays

It's recommended to:

  • Check flight status regularly

  • Allow extra time for layovers

  • Stay updated with airline notifications

Conclusion

Low Visibility Procedures (LVP) in force is a critical safety mechanism in aviation, ensuring that both air and ground operations continue safely during poor weather. While it may cause operational delays, it protects lives by reducing risks in foggy or misty conditions. Whether you’re a pilot, airport worker, or traveler, understanding LVP helps you appreciate the complexity and precision of modern air travel.


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